Physicochemical parameters

  • Acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC)

    Acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) is a measure for the overall buffering capacity against acidification for a solution. ANC is defined as the difference between cations of strong bases and anions of strong acids , or dynamically as the amount of acid needed to change the pH value from the sample's value to a chosen different value. Is determined by titration.

  • alkalinity

  • boiling point

    The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid] and the liquid changes into a vapor.The boiling point of a liquid varies depending upon the surrounding environmental pressure. A liquid in a partial vacuum has a lower boiling point than when that liquid is at atmospheric pressure. A liquid at high pressure has a higher boiling point than when that liquid is at atmospheric pressure. For a given pressure, different liquids boil at different temperatures.

  • bulk density

    Bulk density is a property of powders, granules, and other "divided" solids, especially used in reference to mineral components (soil, gravel), chemical substances, (pharmaceutical) ingredients, foodstuff, or any other masses of corpuscular or particulate matter. It is defined as the mass of many particles of the material divided by the total volume they occupy. The total volume includes particle volume, inter-particle void volume, and internal pore volume. Bulk density is not an intrinsic property of a material; it can change depending on how the material is handled. For example, a powder poured into a cylinder will have a particular bulk density; if the cylinder is disturbed, the powder particles will move and usually settle closer together, resulting in a higher bulk density. For this reason, the bulk density of powders is usually reported both as "freely settled" (or "poured" density) and "tapped" density (where the tapped density refers to the bulk density of the powder after a specified compaction process, usually involving vibration of the container.)

  • CAS number

    CAS Number, is a unique numerical identifier assigned by Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) to every chemical substance described in the open scientific literature (currently including those described from at least 1957 through the present), including organic and inorganic compounds, minerals, isotopes, alloys and nonstructurable materials (UVCBs, of unknown, variable composition, or biological origin).] The Registry maintained by CAS is an authoritative collection of disclosed chemical substance information.

  • coefficient expansion

  • compression strength

    Compressive strength is the maximum stress which material can sustain under crush loading. The compressive strength of a material that fails by shattering fracture can be defined within fairly narrow limits as an independent property. This parameter is calculated by dividing the maximum load by the original cross-sectional area of a specimen in a compression test.

  • density

    The density of a substance is its mass per unit volume. The symbol often used for density is d Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume V: d=m/V.

  • EINECS number

    EINECS (European INventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances) as published in Official Journal of the European Communities, CA 146, 15 June 1990. EINECS is an inventory of substances that were deemed to be on the European Community market between 1 January 1971 and 18 September 1981. EINECS was drawn up by the European Commission in the application of Article 13 of Directive 67/548/EEC, as amended by Directive 79/831/EEC, and in accordance with the detailed provisions of Commission Decision 81/437/EEC. Substances listed in EINECS are considered phase-in substances under the REACH Regulation.

  • hardness

    Hardness-is a measure of a material's resistance to localized plastic deformation. Most hardness tests involve indentation, but hardness may be reported as resistance to scratching (file test), or rebound of a projectile bounced off the material (scleroscope hardness). Some common measures of indentation hardness are Brinell Hardness Number, Rockwell Hardness Number, ASTM Hardness Number, Diamond Pyramid Impact Test Hardness Number, Durometer Hardness, Knoop Hardness, and Pfund Hardness. A table relating various types of hardness values of metals is given in ASTM E-140. Hardness often is a good indication of tensile and wear properties of a material.

  • ingnition point

    The autoignition temperature or kindling point of a substance is the lowest temperature at which it will spontaneously ignite in a normal atmosphere without an external source of ignition, such as a flame or spark. This temperature is required to supply the activation energy needed for combustion. The temperature at which a chemical will ignite decreases as the pressure or oxygen concentration increases. It is usually applied to a combustible fuel mixture.the autoignition temperature or kindling point of a substance is the lowest temperature at which it will spontaneously ignite in a normal atmosphere without an external source of ignition, such as a flame or spark. This temperature is required to supply the activation energy needed for combustion. The temperature at which a chemical will ignite decreases as the pressure or oxygen concentration increases. It is usually applied to a combustible fuel mixture

  • melting point

    The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid at atmospheric pressure. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at standard pressure.

  • neutralization rate

  • pH

  • setting expansion

    Expansion of dental plaster during settingis non-desred phenonema connected with phase convresion of semihydrategypsum into dihydrategypsum.

  • setting time

  • sieve analysis

    A sieve analysis is a practice or procedure used to asses the particle size distribution (of a granular material. Being such a simple technique of particle sizing, it is probably the most common. The sieve test is performed on a sample of aggregate in a laboratory. A typical sieve analysis involves a nested column of sieves with wire mesh cloth (screen). A representative weighed sample is poured into the top sieve which has the largest screen openings. Each lower sieve in the column has smaller openings than the one above. At the base is a round pan, called the receiver. The column is typically placed in a mechanical shaker. The shaker shakes the column, usually for some fixed amount of time. After the shaking is complete the material on each sieve is weighed. The weight of the sample of each sieve is then divided by the total weight to give a percentage retained on each sieve.

  • total microbial count

  • viscosity

    The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress.For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of 'thickness'.